Eileen Flanagan traces the changing policies of the American Federation of Labour-Congress of Industrial Organisations (AFL-CIO) towards the South African trade union movement, in particular COSATU. From initially supporting splinter unions and the Inkatha union UWUSA, the AFL-CIO has come under pressure to use a more subtle strategy to influence COSATU. While the union movement can benefit form this new attitude, this article argues, it is also potentially more harmful.